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Uncertain Outcome

Толкование Перевод

1 uncertain

uncertain [‚ʌn'sɜ:tən]

adjective

(a) (unsure) incertain;

∎ we were uncertain whether to continue or we should continue nous ne savions pas trop si nous devions continuer;

∎ they were uncertain how to begin ils ne savaient pas trop comment commencer;

∎ I feel uncertain about him j'ai des doutes à son sujet;

∎ to be uncertain about sth être inquiet au sujet de ou incertain de qch

(b) (unpredictable → result, outcome) incertain, aléatoire; (→ weather) incertain;

∎ it's uncertain whether we'll succeed or not il n'est pas sûr ou certain que nous réussissions;

∎ in no uncertain terms en termes on ne peut plus clairs, sans mâcher ses mots

(c) (unknown) inconnu, incertain;

∎ the cause of her death is still uncertain la cause de sa mort reste inconnue, on ignore encore la cause de sa mort

(d) (unsteady → voice, steps) hésitant, mal assuré

(e) (undecided → plans) incertain, pas sûr

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > uncertain
2 uncertain

uncertain

A adj

1 [person] ( unsure) incertain ; to be uncertain about ne pas être certain de ; to be uncertain about what to do ne pas être certain de ce que l'on doit faire ; to be uncertain whether to stay or to leave ne pas savoir si l'on doit partir ou rester ;

2 (not predictable, not known) [future, market, outcome] incertain ; it is uncertain whether there will be a chairperson il n'est pas certain qu'il y ait un président ;

3 ( changeable) [temper, economic conditions] instable ; [weather] variable.

B in no uncertain terms adv phr [state] en termes on ne peut plus clairs ; [express oneself] de façon très directe.

Big English-French dictionary > uncertain
3 uncertain

[ʌn'sɜːtn]
aggettivo

1) (unsure) [ person] incerto, insicuro

to be uncertain about — non essere certo o sicuro di

to be uncertain whether to stay — non sapere se restare

2) (not predictable, not known) [future, outcome] incerto

it is uncertain whether there will be a chairman — non si sa se ci sarà un presidente

3) (changeable) [temper, weather] instabile, variabile

4) in no uncertain terms [ state] senza mezzi termini

* * *

adjective

1) ((of a person) not sure; not definitely knowing: I'm uncertain of my future plans; The government is uncertain what is the best thing to do.) incerto

2) (not definitely known or settled: My plans are still uncertain; The uncertain weather delayed our departure.) incerto

•

- uncertainly

* * *
uncertain /ʌnˈsɜ:tn/
a.

1 incerto; dubbio: uncertain weather, tempo incerto; an uncertain future [result, outcome], un futuro [risultato, esito] incerto; It is uncertain whether the concert will take place, non è sicuro che il concerto abbia luogo

2 incerto; indeciso: I'm uncertain whether to go or not, sono indeciso se andare o no; I am uncertain which of the boys he means, non so con certezza a quale dei ragazzi si riferisca; She was uncertain what to do next, non era sicura di cosa fare dopo; I am uncertain about his intentions, non so bene quali siano le sue intenzioni

3 insicuro: She is too young and uncertain to cope with such a situation, è troppo giovane e insicura per gestire una simile situazione

● (antiq.) an uncertain temper, un carattere irascibile □ of uncertain age, ( di persona) di una certa età (o di età indefinibile); ( di reperto, oggetto, ecc.) di età incerta □ in no uncertain terms, esplicitamente; chiaramente: I didn't like his plan and I told him so in no uncertain terms, non mi piaceva il suo piano e gliel'ho detto chiaramente
uncertainly avv.
* * *
[ʌn'sɜːtn]
aggettivo

1) (unsure) [ person] incerto, insicuro

to be uncertain about — non essere certo o sicuro di

to be uncertain whether to stay — non sapere se restare

2) (not predictable, not known) [future, outcome] incerto

it is uncertain whether there will be a chairman — non si sa se ci sarà un presidente

3) (changeable) [temper, weather] instabile, variabile

4) in no uncertain terms [ state] senza mezzi termini

English-Italian dictionary > uncertain
4 uncertain

adjective

1) ((of a person) not sure; not definitely knowing: I'm uncertain of my future plans; The government is uncertain what is the best thing to do.) incierto

2) (not definitely known or settled: My plans are still uncertain; The uncertain weather delayed our departure.) incierto

•

- uncertainly

uncertain adj

1. inseguro

I'm rather uncertain about what to do no estoy muy seguro de qué hacer

2. incierto

the future is uncertain el futuro es incierto

uncertain

tr[ʌn'sɜːtən]

adjective

1 (not certain) incierto,-a, dudoso,-a

2 (unspecified) indeterminado,-a

3 (indecisive) indeciso,-a

4 (changeable) variable

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be uncertain of/about/as to something no estar seguro de algo

■ he is still uncertain as to his participation aún no sabe seguro si va a participar, aún no está seguro de si va a participar

in no uncertain terms claramente, sin rodeos, sin titubeos

uncertain [.ʌn'sərtən] adj

1) indefinite: indeterminado

2) unsure: incierto, dudoso

3) changeable: inestable, variable

uncertain weather: tiempo inestable

4) hesitant: indeciso

5) vague: poco claro

uncertain

adj.

• aleatorio, -a adj.

• ambiguo, -a adj.

• dudoso, -a adj.

• incierto, -a adj.

• inseguro, -a adj.

'ʌn'sɜːrtṇ, ʌn'sɜːtṇ
adjective

1)

a) ( unsure) (pred)

to be uncertain ABOUT/OF something — no estar* seguro de algo

we're uncertain (as to) whether we should go — no estamos seguros de si debemos ir (o no)

b) ( hesitant) <voice/movement> vacilante

2)

a) ( doubtful) <prospects/future> incierto

it is uncertain who will win — no está claro quién va a ganar

b) (changeable, unreliable) <weather/situation> inestable

3) ( vague)

in no uncertain terms — muy claramente, inequívocamente

[ʌn'sɜːtn]
ADJ
1) (=unsure)

for a moment he looked uncertain — por un momento pareció no estar seguro

• to be uncertain about/of sth — no estar seguro de algo

she is uncertain about the future/what to do next/how to proceed — no está segura sobre el futuro/de qué hacer ahora/de cómo proceder

• I am uncertain as to whether she was involved in the accident — no estoy seguro si ella estuvo implicada en el accidente

• I am uncertain whether to accept — no estoy seguro si aceptar

2) (=doubtful) [future, outcome, destiny] incierto

the fate of the refugees remains uncertain — la suerte de los refugiados sigue siendo incierta or sigue sin conocerse

in no uncertain terms — sin dejar lugar a dudas, claramente

3) (=changeable) [conditions] inestable; [weather, temper] variable

we live in uncertain times — vivimos en unos tiempos muy inestables

4) (=indecisive) [voice] indeciso; [smile] tímido, indeciso; [step] vacilante

5) (=indeterminate) indeterminado

a smartly-dressed man of uncertain age — un hombre elegantemente vestido de edad indeterminada

* * *
['ʌn'sɜːrtṇ, ʌn'sɜːtṇ]
adjective

1)

a) ( unsure) (pred)

to be uncertain ABOUT/OF something — no estar* seguro de algo

we're uncertain (as to) whether we should go — no estamos seguros de si debemos ir (o no)

b) ( hesitant) <voice/movement> vacilante

2)

a) ( doubtful) <prospects/future> incierto

it is uncertain who will win — no está claro quién va a ganar

b) (changeable, unreliable) <weather/situation> inestable

3) ( vague)

in no uncertain terms — muy claramente, inequívocamente

English-spanish dictionary > uncertain
5 uncertain

[ʌn'sɜːt(ə)n]
прил.

1) неопределённый; неясный, точно не известный

at uncertain hours — в неопределённое время, неизвестно когда

uncertain duration — неопределённая продолжительность

a lady of uncertain age — дама неопределённого возраста

uncertain quantity мат. — неопределённая величина

It is uncertain whether he will come. — Неизвестно, придёт ли он.

Syn:

unclear

2)

а) сомнительный; неоднозначный

uncertain estimate мат. — недостоверная оценка

uncertain results — сомнительные результаты

Syn:

doubtful, dubious

б) двусмысленный

uncertain term — двусмысленное выражение

Syn:

ambiguous

3)

а) неустойчивый, нестабильный; изменчивый, непостоянный

uncertain weather — неустойчивая, переменная погода

The market is uncertain. — Состояние рынка нестабильно.

Syn:

unsteady, variable 1., fitful

б) капризный, ненадёжный; непостоянный

uncertain friends — ненадёжные друзья

uncertain woman — капризная женщина

Syn:

capricious, fickle

4) неуверенный, сомневающийся; колеблющийся, нерешительный; нетвёрдый

uncertain aim — нетвёрдое намерение

uncertain man — нерешительный человек

uncertain behaviour — нерешительное поведение

I am still uncertain whether they are coming. — Я всё ещё не уверен, придут ли они.

I am uncertain about the outcome. — Я не уверен в том, каким будет результат.

Англо-русский современный словарь > uncertain
6 uncertain

ʌnˈsə:tn прил.
1) а) неясный, непонятный, сомнительный I am uncertain about the outcome. ≈ Я не уверен в том, каким будет результат. Syn: doubtful б) неопределенный, двусмысленный a lady of uncertain age ≈ дама неопределенного возраста
2) неуверенный;
сомневающийся I am still uncertain whether they are coming. ≈ Я все еще не уверен, придут ли они. Syn: doubtful
3) изменчивый, переменчивый сомнительный, неясный, точно не известный - the date of their arrival is * дата их прибытия точно не известна неопределенный изменчивый, ненадежный, капризный - * weather изменчивая погода неуверенный, колеблющийся, нерешительный, сомневающийся - I am * of success я не уверен в успехе ~ неопределенный;
in no uncertain terms в недвусмысленных выражениях;
a lady of uncertain age дама неопределенного возраста ~ неопределенный;
in no uncertain terms в недвусмысленных выражениях;
a lady of uncertain age дама неопределенного возраста ~ точно не известный;
сомнительный;
the result is uncertain результат неясен uncertain изменчивый, ненадежный ~ изменчивый, ненадежный ~ неопределенный ~ неопределенный;
in no uncertain terms в недвусмысленных выражениях;
a lady of uncertain age дама неопределенного возраста ~ неуверенный;
колеблющийся, находящийся в нерешительности;
сомневающийся ~ сомнительный ~ точно не известный, сомнительный ~ точно не известный;
сомнительный;
the result is uncertain результат неясен

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > uncertain
7 doubtful

adjective

1) (feeling doubt; uncertain what to think, expect etc: He is doubtful about the future of the school.) dudoso

2) (able to be doubted; not clear: The outcome is doubtful; a doubtful result.) dudoso, incierto

3) (uncertain but rather unlikely, unhopeful etc: It is doubtful whether this will work; a doubtful improvement.) dudoso, poco probable

4) (suspicious: He's rather a doubtful character.) dudoso, sospechoso

doubtful adj dudoso / poco probable

doubtful

tr['daʊtfʊl]

adjective

1 (uncertain - outcome, result, future) dudoso,-a, incierto,-a; (unlikely) poco probable; (look, feeling, expression, etc) de duda, dubitativo,-a

■ I'm doubtful if they'll come dudo que vengan

■ it is doubtful that they know no es seguro que lo sepan

2 (questionable, dubious) dudoso,-a, sospechoso,-a

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be doubtful about something tener dudas acerca de algo

doubtful ['daʊtfəl] adj

1) questionable: dudoso

2) uncertain: dudoso, incierto

doubtful

adj.

• ambiguo, -a adj.

• dudable adj.

• dudoso, -a adj.

• incierto, -a adj.

'daʊtfəl
adjective

1)

a) ( full of doubt) <expression/tone> de indecisión or duda, dubitativo

to be doubtful ABOUT o AS TO something: I am doubtful as to its value — tengo mis dudas acerca de su valor

b) ( in doubt) dudoso

the outcome remains doubtful — el resultado sigue siendo dudoso or incierto

it is doubtful that — no es seguro que (+ subj)

2) ( questionable) dudoso

a man of doubtful character — un hombre de moral dudosa

['daʊtfʊl]
ADJ
1) (=uncertain) [result, success, future] incierto, dudoso

2) (=unconvinced) [expression] de duda

"all right then," he said in a doubtful tone — -bueno, vale -dijo con un tono de duda en la voz

Jeremy nodded his head, but he still looked doubtful — Jeremy asintió pero no parecía aún convencido

I'm a bit doubtful — no estoy convencido del todo

to be doubtful that — dudar que + subjun

he was doubtful that he would be able to lift it — dudaba que pudiera levantarlo

I am doubtful whether we should accept the offer — dudo si deberíamos aceptar la oferta o no

to be doubtful about sth — tener dudas sobre algo

3) (=unlikely) dudoso

a reconciliation between the two sides seems doubtful — una reconciliación entre las dos partes parece dudosa

it is doubtful that they will reach an agreement — es dudoso or poco probable que lleguen a un acuerdo

it is doubtful that there will be any survivors — se duda or es poco probable que haya sobrevivientes

for a moment it seemed doubtful that he would move at all — por un momento pareció que no se iba a mover en absoluto

it is doubtful whether — es poco probable que + subjun

doubtful starter — (Sport) participante mf dudoso

4) (=questionable) [taste, reputation, quality, value] dudoso

in doubtful taste — de dudoso gusto

the weather looks a bit doubtful — el tiempo no parece muy estable

* * *
['daʊtfəl]
adjective

1)

a) ( full of doubt) <expression/tone> de indecisión or duda, dubitativo

to be doubtful ABOUT o AS TO something: I am doubtful as to its value — tengo mis dudas acerca de su valor

b) ( in doubt) dudoso

the outcome remains doubtful — el resultado sigue siendo dudoso or incierto

it is doubtful that — no es seguro que (+ subj)

2) ( questionable) dudoso

a man of doubtful character — un hombre de moral dudosa

English-spanish dictionary > doubtful
8 unsicher

I Adj.

1. (gefährdet) insecure; (gefährlich) unsafe; unsichere Gegend / Straße / Straßenverhältnisse dangerous area / road / road conditions; die Arbeitsplätze werden immer unsicherer jobs are getting more and more insecure; die Gegend unsicher machen terrorize the neighbo(u)rhood; umg., fig. paint the town red; wollen wir am Wochenende ein wenig die Innenstadt unsicher machen? umg. shall we go and whoop it up a bit downtown this weekend?

2. (ungewiss, auch unzuverlässig) uncertain; (ohne Gewissheit) unsure, uncertain; ( sich) unsicher sein, ob / wann / wie etc. not be sure (as to) whether / when / how etc.; ein unsicheres Gefühl haben have an uncertain feeling

3. (unstet) unsteady (auch Hand, Beine); Person: (ohne Selbstsicherheit) insecure, unsure of o.s., stärker: lacking in self-confidence; unsicher auf den Beinen shaky, wobbly; unsicherer Autofahrer / Skiläufer / Torhüter etc. driver / skier / goalkeeper who lacks assurance ( oder is unsure of himself), unreliable driver / skier / goalkeeper; unsicher im Rechnen etc. shaky on arithmetic etc.; jemanden unsicher machen make s.o. unsure of himself ( oder herself), stärker: rattle s.o.

II Adv. Auto fahren etc.: unreliably; nach i-m Sturz geht sie noch sehr unsicher she’s still very shaky ( oder unsteady) on her feet after her fall; der Torwart hat unsicher gehalten the goalkeeper fumbled his saves; sich unsicher fühlen feel insecure

* * *

precarious; instable; uncertain; unsafe; uneasy; unstable; insecure; unsure; unsteady

* * *
ụn|si|cher
1. adj

1) (= gefährlich) dangerous, unsafe

die Gegend unsicher machen (fig inf) — to hang out (inf)

sich unsicher fühlen — to feel unsafe

2) (= nicht selbstbewusst, verunsichert) insecure, unsure (of oneself)

jdn unsicher machen — to make sb feel unsure of himself/herself

3) (= ungewiss, zweifelhaft) unsure, uncertain; (= unstabil) uncertain, unstable, unsettled

4) (= ungeübt, ungefestigt) unsure; Hand unsteady; Kenntnisse shaky

mit unsicherer Hand — with an unsteady hand

unsicher auf den Beinen sein — to be unsteady on one's feet

2. adv

1) (= schwankend) unsteadily

2) (= nicht selbstsicher) uncertainly

sie blickte unsicher im Kreise umher — she looked around timidly

* * *

1) insecurely

2) (unsure of oneself or lacking confidence: Whenever he was in a crowd of people he felt anxious and insecure.) insecure

3) (not safe or firmly fixed: This chair-leg is insecure; an insecure lock.) insecure

4) precariously

5) (insecure; risky or dangerous.) precarious

6) ((sometimes with at) not very good, accurate etc: He's a bit shaky at arithmetic; My arithmetic has always been very shaky; I'd be grateful if you would correct my rather shaky spelling.) shaky

7) (not definitely known or settled: My plans are still uncertain; The uncertain weather delayed our departure.) uncertain

8) (in an uneasy or embarrassed way: He glanced uneasily at her.) uneasily

* * *

un·si·cher

[ˈʊnzɪçɐ]

I. adj

1. (gefährlich) unsafe, dangerous

ein \unsicherer Reaktor an unsafe reactor

eine \unsichere Gegend a dangerous area

die Kneipen \unsicher machen (fam o hum) to live it up in the pubs [or bars]

die Stadt \unsicher machen (fam o hum) to paint the town red

2. (gefährdet) insecure, at risk pred

ein \unsicherer Arbeitsplatz an insecure job

3. (nicht selbstsicher) unsure, uncertain

ein \unsicherer Blick an uncertain [or hesitant] look

jdn \unsicher machen to make sb uncertain, to put sb off

4. (unerfahren, ungeübt)

sich akk \unsicher fühlen to feel unsure of oneself

noch \unsicher sein to still be uncertain

5. (schwankend) unsteady; Hand shaky

ein \unsicherer Gang an unsteady gait

auf \unsicheren Beinen on unsteady legs

6. (ungewiss) uncertain

eine \unsichere Zukunft an uncertain future

ein \unsicherer Ausgang an uncertain outcome

7. (nicht verlässlich) unreliable

eine \unsichere Methode an unreliable method

das ist mir zu \unsicher that's too dodgy for my liking fam

II. adv

1. (schwankend) unsteadily

2. (nicht selbstsicher)

\unsicher fahren to drive with little confidence

* * *
1.
Adjektiv

1) (gefährlich) unsafe; dangerous; (gefährdet) at risk pred.; insecure < job>

einen Ort unsicher machen — (scherzh.) honour a place with one's presence (joc.); (sich vergnügen) have a good time in a place; (sein Unwesen treiben) get up to one's tricks in a place

2) (unzuverlässig) uncertain, unreliable < method>; unreliable <source, person>

3) (zögernd) uncertain, hesitant < step>; (zitternd) unsteady, shaky < hand>; (nicht selbstsicher) insecure; diffident; unsure of oneself pred.

jemanden unsicher machen — put somebody off his/her stroke

4) (keine Gewissheit habend) unsure; uncertain

5) (ungewiss) uncertain
2.
adverbial

1) <walk, stand, etc.> unsteadily; < drive> without [much] confidence

2) (nicht selbstsicher) <smile, look> diffidently

* * *

unsicher

A. adj

1. (gefährdet) insecure; (gefährlich) unsafe;

unsichere Gegend/Straße/Straßenverhältnisse dangerous area/road/road conditions;

die Arbeitsplätze werden immer unsicherer jobs are getting more and more insecure;

die Gegend unsicher machen terrorize the neighbo(u)rhood; umg, fig paint the town red;

wollen wir am Wochenende ein wenig die Innenstadt unsicher machen? umg shall we go and whoop it up a bit downtown this weekend?

2. (ungewiss, auch unzuverlässig) uncertain; (ohne Gewissheit) unsure, uncertain;

(sich) unsicher sein, ob/wann/wie etc not be sure (as to) whether/when/how etc;

ein unsicheres Gefühl haben have an uncertain feeling

3. (unstet) unsteady (auch Hand, Beine); Person: (ohne Selbstsicherheit) insecure, unsure of o.s., stärker: lacking in self-confidence;

unsicher auf den Beinen shaky, wobbly;

unsicherer Autofahrer/Skiläufer/Torhüter etc driver/skier/goalkeeper who lacks assurance ( oder is unsure of himself), unreliable driver/skier/goalkeeper;

unsicher im Rechnen etc shaky on arithmetic etc;

jemanden unsicher machen make sb unsure of himself ( oder herself), stärker: rattle sb

B. adv Auto fahren etc: unreliably;

nach i-m Sturz geht sie noch sehr unsicher she’s still very shaky ( oder unsteady) on her feet after her fall;

der Torwart hat unsicher gehalten the goalkeeper fumbled his saves;

sich unsicher fühlen feel insecure

* * *
1.
Adjektiv

1) (gefährlich) unsafe; dangerous; (gefährdet) at risk pred.; insecure < job>

einen Ort unsicher machen — (scherzh.) honour a place with one's presence (joc.); (sich vergnügen) have a good time in a place; (sein Unwesen treiben) get up to one's tricks in a place

2) (unzuverlässig) uncertain, unreliable < method>; unreliable <source, person>

3) (zögernd) uncertain, hesitant < step>; (zitternd) unsteady, shaky < hand>; (nicht selbstsicher) insecure; diffident; unsure of oneself pred.

jemanden unsicher machen — put somebody off his/her stroke

4) (keine Gewissheit habend) unsure; uncertain

5) (ungewiss) uncertain
2.
adverbial

1) <walk, stand, etc.> unsteadily; < drive> without [much] confidence

2) (nicht selbstsicher) <smile, look> diffidently

* * *

adj.

insecure adj.

precarious adj.

uncertain adj.

unsafe adj.

unstable adj.

unsure adj. adv.

insecurely adv.

precariously adv.

unsafely adv.

unstably adv.

unsurely adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > unsicher
9 unsicher

un·si·cher [ʼʊnzɪçɐ] adj

1) ( gefährlich) unsafe, dangerous;

ein \unsicherer Reaktor an unsafe reactor;

eine \unsichere Gegend a dangerous area;

die Kneipen \unsicher machen ( fam) ( hum) to live it up in the pubs [or (Am) bars];

die Stadt \unsicher machen ( fam) ( hum) to paint the town red

2) ( gefährdet) insecure, at risk pred;

ein \unsicherer Arbeitsplatz an insecure job

3) ( nicht selbstsicher) unsure, uncertain;

ein \unsicherer Blick an uncertain [or hesitant] look;

jdn \unsicher machen to make sb uncertain, to put sb off

4) (unerfahren, ungeübt)

sich \unsicher fühlen to feel unsure of oneself;

noch \unsicher sein to still be uncertain

5) ( schwankend) unsteady; Hand shaky;

ein \unsicherer Gang an unsteady gait;

auf \unsicheren Beinen on unsteady legs

6) ( ungewiss) uncertain;

eine \unsichere Zukunft an uncertain future;

ein \unsicherer Ausgang an uncertain outcome

7) ( nicht verlässlich) unreliable;

eine \unsichere Methode an unreliable method;

das ist mir zu \unsicher that's too dodgy for my liking ( fam)

adv

1) ( schwankend) unsteadily

2) ( nicht selbstsicher)

\unsicher fahren to drive with little confidence

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > unsicher
10 iffy

iffy (inf!) [ˈɪfɪ]

adjective

a. ( = uncertain) [outcome, future] incertain

b. ( = dodgy) [method] suspect

• an iffy neighbourhood un quartier louche

• it all seems a bit iffy to me ça me paraît un peu suspect

• I was feeling a bit iffy je n'étais pas vraiment dans mon assiette (inf)

* * *

(colloq) ['ɪfɪ] adjective ( dubious) suspect; ( undecided) incertain

English-French dictionary > iffy
11 afstandsschot

n. shot in the dark; long shot, something with an uncertain outcome

Holandés-inglés dicionario > afstandsschot
12 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse: XIIth Century-XXth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925, 1952 (2nd edition, B. Vi-digal, ed.).

   ■. Portuguese Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922, 1970 (2nd edition, B. Vidigal, ed.).

   ■ Bleiberg, German, Maureen Ihrie, and Janet Pérez, eds. Dictionary of the Literature of the Iberian Peninsula, 2 vols. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1993.

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   ■ The Military

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   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

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   ■ Caspari, Andrea. "The Return Orientation among Portuguese Migrants in France." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 193-203. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone, ed. Portugueses na América do Norte. Baden: Peregrinação, 1983.

   ■ Fagundes, Francisco Cota. Hard Knocks: An Azorean-American Odyssey.

   ■ [Memoir]. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000. Felix, John Henry, and Peter F. Senecal. The Portuguese in Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii: Authors' edition, 1978. Fernandes, Ferreira. Os Primos da América. Lisbon: Relógio D'Agua, 1991. Ferreira, Eduardo de Sousa. As orígens e formas de emigração. Lisbon, 1976. Freitas, J. F. Portuguese-American Memories. Honolulu, Hawaii, 1930.

   ■ Giles, Wenona. "Motherhood and Wage Labour in London, England: Portuguese Migrant Women and the Politics of Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. University of Toronto, 1987.

   ■ Higgs, David, ed. Portuguese Migration in Global Perspective. Ontario: Multicultural Historical Society of Ontario, 1990.

   ■ Klimt, Andrea. "Portuguese Migrants in Germany: Class, Ethnicity and Gender." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Stanford University, 1987.

   ■ Lavigne, Gules. Les ethniques et la ville: L'aventure des immigrants portugais à Montreal. Montreal: Preamble, 1987.

   ■ Leder, Hans Howard. Cultural Persistence in a Portuguese-American Community. New York: Arno Press, 1980.

   ■ Lewis, J. R., and A. M. Williams. "Emigrants and Retornados: A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Impact of Return Migration in the Região Centro." In E. D. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 227-50. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ McCabe, Marsha L., and Joseph D. Thomas, eds. Portuguese Spinner: An American Story; Stories of History, Culture and Life from Portuguese Americans in Southeastern New England. New Bedford, Mass.: Spinner, 1998.

   ■ Marques, D., and J. Medeiros. Portuguese Immigrants: 25 Years in Canada. Toronto: West End YMCA, 1989.

   ■ Martins, J. Oliveira. Fomento Rural e emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Mira, Manuel. The Forgotten Portuguese: The Melungeons and Other Groups; The Portuguese Making of America. Franklin, N.C.: Portuguese-American Historical Research Foundation, 1998.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal." Economia e Sociedade (Lisbon) 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ Nunes, Maria Luisa. A Portuguese Colonial in America: Belmira Nunes Lopes; The Autobiography of a Cape Verdean-American. Pittsburgh, Penn.: Latin American Literary Review Press, 1982.

   ■ Oliver, Lawrence. Never Backward: The Autobiography of Lawrence Oliver; A Portuguese-American. San Diego, 1972.

   ■ Pap, Leo. The Portuguese-Americans. Boston: Twayne, 1981.

   ■ Pereira, Miriam Halpern. A Política Portuguesa de Emigraçao, 1850 a 1930. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Pereira da Rosa, Victor M., and Salvato V. Trigo. "Elementos para uma Caracterização da Família Imigrante Portuguesa na Africa do Sul." Economia e Sociologia 41 (1986): 61-71.

   ■. Azorean Emigration: A Preliminary Overview. Oporto: Fernando Pessoa University, 1994.

   ■. Portugueses e Moçambicanos no Apartheid: Da Ficção à Realidade. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Purves, James. "Portuguese in Bermuda." Bermuda Historical Quarterly 3 (1946): 133-42.

   ■ Ribeiro, F. G. Cassola. Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da. "La Sociologie des Migrations au Portugal." Current Sociology 32, 2 (Summer 1984): 175-98.

   ■. "Towards Reintegration of Emigrants." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and Guy Clausse, eds., Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal, 183-94. Saarbrücken: Breitenbach, 1985.

   ■. "Emigração." In Dicionario Illustrado Da História De Portugal ( 1985): 205-7.

   ■. A Emigração. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Espaços de herança cultural portuguesa-gentes, factos, políticas." Analise Social (Lisbon) XXIV (1988): 313-51.

   ■ Rocha-Trinidade, Maria Beatriz da, and Jorge Arroteia. Bibliografia da Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Americans of Portuguese Descent: A Lesson in Differentiation. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1974.

   ■. Testemunhos sobre a Emigração Portuguesa: Antologia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Silva, F. Emídio da. A Emigração Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Silva, Manuela, et al. Retorno, Emigração e Desenvolvimento Regional em Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Simões, Mário Pinto. O Emigrante Português: Processos de Adaptação ( o exemplo da Suiça). Oporto, 1985.

   ■ Simões, Nuno. O Brasil e a Emigração Portuguesa. Coimbra, 1934.

   ■ Sousa Ferreira, Eduardo de, and Guy Clausse, eds. Closing the Migratory Cycle: The Case of Portugal. Saarbrucken: Verlag Breitenbach, 1986.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Sea to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Vicente, António Luís. Os Portuguese Nos Estados Unidos Da América: Política De Comunidades E Comunidade Política. Lisbon: FLAD, 1998.

   ■ Viera, David, et al. Portuguese in the United States: A Bibliography ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Essay Number 6 in Essays in Portuguese Studies. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1989.

   ■ Williams, Jerry. And Yet They Come: Portuguese Immigration from the Azores to the United States. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1982.

   ■ Portugal's Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeiras)

   ■ Biddle, Anthony J. Drexel. The Madeira Islands, 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900.

   ■ Bryans, Robin. Madeira, Pearl of the Atlantic. London: Robert Hale, 1959.

   ■. The Azores. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

   ■ Cooke, Rupert Croft. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Cossart, Noel. Madeira— the Island Vineyard. London: Christie's, 1984.

   ■ Da Silva, Fernando Augusto, and Carlos Azevedo de Menezes. Elucidário Madeirense, 3 vols. Funchal, 1940.

   ■ Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands in the Seventeenth Century: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce andNavigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

   ■ Guill, James H. A History of the Azores Islands. Menlo Park, Calif.: Author's Edition, 1972.

   ■ Instituto Histórico Da Ilha Terceira [Azores]. Os Açores E O Atlântico ( Séculos XIV-XVII) [Proceedings of International Colloquium, August 1983]. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island, Azores, 1984.

   ■ Koebel, William Henry. Madeira Old and New. London: Griffiths, 1909.

   ■ Mee, Jules. Histoire de la découverte des Iles Açores. Ghent, 1901.

   ■ Peres, Damião. A Madeira sob os donatórios-Séculos XV e XVI. Funchal, 1914.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Atlantic Islanders of the Azores and Madeiras. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher House, 1979.

   ■ Serpa, Caetano Valadão. A Gente Dos Açores. Identificaçao-Emigraçio E Religiosidade: Séculos XVI-XX. Lisbon: 1978.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. "With Columbus in Madeira." Portuguese Studies Review (Durham, NH) I, 1 (Spring-Summer 1991).

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Azores and the United States (1787-1987): Two Hundred Years of Shared History." Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira XLV (1988): 55-71.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373-Present)

   ■ Almada, José de. A Aliança Inglesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1947.

   ■. Para a história da aliança luso-britânica. Lisbon, 1955.

   ■ Atkinson, William C. British Contributions to Portuguese and Brazilian Studies. London: British Council, 1974.

   ■ Bourne, Kenneth. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England 1830-1902. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

   ■ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■ British Community Council of London. Souvenir Brochure Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 1373-1973. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. Portugal na Alvorada do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello "Aliança Inglesa." Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Vol. 1 (1963): 1270-1271.

   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
13 doubtful

adjective

1) (sceptical) skeptisch [Mensch, Wesen]

2) (showing doubt) ungläubig [Gesicht, Blick, Stirnrunzeln]

3) (uncertain) zweifelnd

be doubtful as to or about something — an etwas (Dat.) zweifeln

4) (causing doubt) fraglich

5) (uncertain in meaning etc.) ungewiss [Ergebnis, Ausgang, Herkunft, Aussicht]; (questionable) zweifelhaft [Ruf, Charakter, Wert, Autorität]; (ambiguous) unklar [Bedeutung]; (unsettled) unsicher [Lage]

6) (unreliable) zweifelhaft [Maßstab, Stütze]

7) (giving reason to suspect evil) bedenklich [Gewohnheit, Spiel, Botschaft]

* * *

adjective

1) (feeling doubt; uncertain what to think, expect etc: He is doubtful about the future of the school.) in Zweifel

2) (able to be doubted; not clear: The outcome is doubtful; a doubtful result.) fraglich

3) (uncertain but rather unlikely, unhopeful etc: It is doubtful whether this will work; a doubtful improvement.) zweifelhaft

4) (suspicious: He's rather a doubtful character.) zweifelhaft

* * *

doubt·ful

[ˈdaʊtf^əl]

adj

1. (expressing doubt) zweifelnd, skeptisch

the expression on her face was \doubtful sie blickte skeptisch

\doubtful person Skeptiker(in) m(f)

2. (uncertain, undecided) unsicher, unschlüssig

▪ to be \doubtful about sth über etw akk im Zweifel sein, sich dat über etw akk unschlüssig sein

3. (unlikely) fraglich, ungewiss

it was \doubtful that the money would ever be found again es war unwahrscheinlich, dass das Geld jemals wiedergefunden würde

▪ to be \doubtful whether [or if] ... zweifelhaft sein, ob..., nicht sicher sein, ob...

4. (questionable) fragwürdig, zweifelhaft

this is in \doubtful taste at best dies zeugt doch von recht fragwürdigem Geschmack

\doubtful advantage zweifelhafter Vorteil, zweifelhaftes Privileg

\doubtful distinction fragwürdige Auszeichnung

\doubtful honour zweifelhafte Ehre

* * *
['daUtfUl]
adj

1) (usu pred = unconvinced) person unsicher

I'm still doubtful — ich habe noch Bedenken

to be doubtful about sth — an etw (dat) zweifeln

to be doubtful about doing sth — Bedenken haben, ob man etw tun soll

I was doubtful whether I could ever manage it — ich bezweifelte, ob ich es je schaffen könnte

to be doubtful of sb/sth — jdm/einer Sache (dat) nicht trauen

2) (= unlikely) reconciliation, improvement, victory unwahrscheinlich

it is doubtful that... — es ist unsicher or zweifelhaft, ob...

3) (= questionable, dubious) reputation zweifelhaft, fragwürdig; future, outcome ungewiss; joke, taste, quality, value zweifelhaft

information of doubtful reliability/origin — zweifelhafte Informationen

it is doubtful whether this could be managed — es ist fraglich, ob das zu schaffen wäre

4) (SPORT

= unlikely to play) he is doubtful for tonight's match — es ist fraglich, ob er heute Abend spielen kann

she is a doubtful starter for Saturday's race — es ist fraglich, ob sie in dem Rennen am Samstag starten wird

* * *

doubtful adj (adv doubtfully)

1. zweifelhaft:

a) unsicher, unklar

b) bedenklich, fragwürdig

c) ungewiss, unsicher:

he’s doubtful for tomorrow’s game SPORT sein Einsatz im morgigen Spiel ist fraglich;

doubtful debts WIRTSCH Dubiosa, Dubiosen, zweifelhafte Forderungen

d) verdächtig, dubios (Person)

2. zweifelnd, unsicher, unschlüssig:

be doubtful of ( oder about) zweifeln an (dat), im Zweifel sein über (akk);

be doubtful that … bezweifeln, dass …

* * *

adjective

1) (sceptical) skeptisch [Mensch, Wesen]

2) (showing doubt) ungläubig [Gesicht, Blick, Stirnrunzeln]

3) (uncertain) zweifelnd

be doubtful as to or about something — an etwas (Dat.) zweifeln

4) (causing doubt) fraglich

5) (uncertain in meaning etc.) ungewiss [Ergebnis, Ausgang, Herkunft, Aussicht]; (questionable) zweifelhaft [Ruf, Charakter, Wert, Autorität]; (ambiguous) unklar [Bedeutung]; (unsettled) unsicher [Lage]

6) (unreliable) zweifelhaft [Maßstab, Stütze]

7) (giving reason to suspect evil) bedenklich [Gewohnheit, Spiel, Botschaft]

* * *

adj.

fraglich adj.

zweifelhaftes adj.

English-german dictionary > doubtful
14 unklar

I Adj.

1. unclear, not clear; (undeutlich) indistinct; fig. vague, obscure; (ungewiss) uncertain; Gedanken, Vorstellung: auch woolly umg., fuzzy umg.; mir ist ( völlig) unklar, wie / wo / was etc. I’ve (absolutely) no idea how / where / what etc.; mir ist noch unklar,... I’m still unclear (as to)...; im Unklaren sein / lassen über (+ Akk) be / leave s.o. in the dark about; ich bin mir noch im Unklaren(, ob / wie etc.) I’m still not clear ( oder sure oder certain) (whether / how etc.); unklare Bezugnahme auch EDV unclear ( zweideutig: ambiguous) reference

2. NAUT., Boot etc.: not ready, not clear

II Adv. sich ausdrücken etc.: unclearly; sehen, erkennen: dimly; unklar zu erkennen / sehen sein be hard to make out / see

* * *

vague; indefinite; obscure; indistinct; indeterminate; sketchy; hazy

* * *
ụn|klar
1. adj
(= unverständlich) unclear; (= ungeklärt) unclarified; (= undeutlich) blurred, indistinct; Wetter hazy
es ist mir völlig unklar, wie das geschehen konnte — I (just) can't understand how that could happen

ich bin mir darüber noch im Unklaren — I'm not quite clear about that yet

völlig im Unklaren sein — to be completely in the dark about sth

im Unklaren lassen — to leave sb in the dark about sth

2. adv
sich ausdrücken, formulieren unclearly
nur unklar zu erkennen sein — not to be easily discernible, not to be easy to make out

* * *

1) (not clear: a cloudy photograph/memory.) cloudy

2) ((also woolly-headed) (of a person) vague or hazy: She's too woolly(-headed) to be in charge of a department.) woolly

* * *

un·klar

[ˈʊnkla:ɐ̯]

I. adj

1. (unverständlich) unclear

2. (ungeklärt) unclear

eine \unklare Situation an unclear situation

▪ \unklar sein, warum/was/wie/ob... to be unclear [as to] why/what/how/whether...

[sich dat] im U \unklaren [über etw akk] sein to be uncertain [about sth]

jdn [über etw akk] im U \unklaren lassen/halten to leave/keep sb in the dark [about sth]

3. (verschwommen) indistinct; Wetter hazy

\unklare Umrisse blurred outlines

\unklare Erinnerungen vague memories

II. adv

1. (verschwommen)

nur \unklar zu erkennen sein to be difficult to make out

2. (unverständlich) unclearly

sich akk \unklar ausdrücken to express oneself unclearly

* * *

Adjektiv

1) (undeutlich) unclear; indistinct; (fig.): (unbestimmt) vague <feeling, recollection, idea>

2) (nicht klar verständlich) unclear

3) (nicht durchschaubar) unclear <origin, situation, etc.>; (ungewiss) uncertain < outcome>

sich (Dat.) über etwas (Akk.) im Unklaren sein — be unclear or unsure about something

jemanden über etwas (Akk.) im Unklaren lassen — keep somebody guessing about something

* * *

unklar

A. adj

1. unclear, not clear; (undeutlich) indistinct; fig vague, obscure; (ungewiss) uncertain; Gedanken, Vorstellung: auch woolly umg, fuzzy umg;

mir ist (völlig) unklar, wie/wo/was etc I’ve (absolutely) no idea how/where/what etc;

mir ist noch unklar, … I’m still unclear (as to) …;

im Unklaren sein/über (+akk) be/leave sb in the dark about;

ich bin mir noch im Unklaren(,

ob/wie etc) I’m still not clear ( oder sure oder certain) (whether/how etc);

unklare Bezugnahme auch IT unclear ( zweideutig: ambiguous) reference

2. SCHIFF, Boot etc: not ready, not clear

B. adv sich ausdrücken etc: unclearly; sehen, erkennen: dimly;

unklar zu erkennen/sehen sein be hard to make out/see

* * *

Adjektiv

1) (undeutlich) unclear; indistinct; (fig.): (unbestimmt) vague <feeling, recollection, idea>

2) (nicht klar verständlich) unclear

3) (nicht durchschaubar) unclear <origin, situation, etc.>; (ungewiss) uncertain < outcome>

sich (Dat.) über etwas (Akk.) im Unklaren sein — be unclear or unsure about something

jemanden über etwas (Akk.) im Unklaren lassen — keep somebody guessing about something

* * *

adj.

ambiguous adj.

indefinite adj.

indistinct adj.

inexplicit adj.

inoperable adj.

nondistinctive adj.

sketchy adj.

unclear adj.

vague adj. adv.

indistinctly adv.

vaguely adv.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > unklar
15 doubtful

adjective

1) (feeling doubt; uncertain what to think, expect etc: He is doubtful about the future of the school.) tvivle på; uvis

2) (able to be doubted; not clear: The outcome is doubtful; a doubtful result.) tvivlsom; uvis

3) (uncertain but rather unlikely, unhopeful etc: It is doubtful whether this will work; a doubtful improvement.) usikker; tvivlsom

4) (suspicious: He's rather a doubtful character.) tvivlsom

* * *

adjective

1) (feeling doubt; uncertain what to think, expect etc: He is doubtful about the future of the school.) tvivle på; uvis

2) (able to be doubted; not clear: The outcome is doubtful; a doubtful result.) tvivlsom; uvis

3) (uncertain but rather unlikely, unhopeful etc: It is doubtful whether this will work; a doubtful improvement.) usikker; tvivlsom

4) (suspicious: He's rather a doubtful character.) tvivlsom

English-Danish dictionary > doubtful
16 результат

result, outcome; (выборов) returns

давать результаты — to produce / to yield results

добиться результатов — to obtain / to get / to secure / to attain results

добиться желаемого результата — to effect the desired result

оценивать результаты — to assess results

подделывать результаты — to fake the results

предвидеть результат — to foresee the outcome

сводить воедино результаты — to pool the results

возможный результат — potential result

весомые результаты — weighty results

закономерный результат развития — natural result of development

конечный результат — eventual / final result

быть заинтересованным в конечных результатах — to be interested in the end / final results

конкретные результат — specific achievements

неизбежный результат — foregone conclusion

неясный результат — uncertain result

обнадёживающие результаты — encouraging results

результаты переговоров не были обнадёживающими — the outcome of the talks has not been encouraging

общие результаты — overall results

окончательный результат — ultimate result

ощутимые результаты — tangible results

плачевные результаты — pitiful results

положительные результаты — positive results

предрешённый результат — foregone conclusion

согласованные результаты — agreed outcome

достичь согласованных результатов — to achieve / to reach an agreed outcome

сопутствующий результат (военных исследований, используемый в гражданской промышленности) — spin-off

существенные результаты — substantial results

удовлетворительный результат — satisfactory result

результаты парламентских выборов — parliamentary election results / returns

результаты глобализации — results of globalisation, globalisation results

результаты голосования — election returns / results

огласить результаты голосования — to declare the election results / returns

оспаривать результаты голосования — to challenge the election returns

результат переговоров — outcome of the negotiations

в результате переговоров выяснилось, что... — it has emerged from the talks that...

результат произвола — result of condonement

результаты экономического развития — results of the economic development

в результате — as a result (of)

в результате протеста со стороны кого-л. — following a protest on the part of smb.

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > результат
17 doubtful

['daʊtfl]
aggettivo

1) (unsure) [ person] incerto, dubbioso; [future, weather] incerto; [argument, result] dubbio, discutibile, incerto

it is doubtful if o that o whether è dubbio o è poco probabile che; I am doubtful that o whether dubito che; to be doubtful about doing essere incerto o in dubbio se fare; to be doubtful about o as to — essere scettico su, essere poco convinto di [idea, explanation, plan]; avere dei dubbi su, essere scettico su [job, object, purchase]

2) (questionable) [character, past, activity, taste] dubbio, discutibile

* * *

adjective

1) (feeling doubt; uncertain what to think, expect etc: He is doubtful about the future of the school.) dubbioso, incerto

2) (able to be doubted; not clear: The outcome is doubtful; a doubtful result.) incerto

3) (uncertain but rather unlikely, unhopeful etc: It is doubtful whether this will work; a doubtful improvement.) incerto

4) (suspicious: He's rather a doubtful character.) ambiguo, equivoco

* * *
doubtful /ˈdaʊtfl/
a.

1 ( di persona) dubbioso; incerto: I am doubtful about what to do, sono dubbioso sul da farsi; She was doubtful whether to accept ( o if she should accept), era in dubbio se accettare; Many voters remain doubtful about who to support, molti elettori rimangono dubbiosi su chi sostenere; to look doubtful, avere un'aria perplessa; to feel doubtful, essere dubbioso

2 ( di cosa) dubbio, incerto: The political situation is very doubtful, la situazione politica è molto incerta; doubtful result, risultato incerto; The outcome of the talks is looking doubtful, l'esito dei negoziati appare dubbio; The scheme is of doubtful benefit, l'utilità del piano è dubbia; It is doubtful whether the plan will succeed, è dubbio che il piano riesca; It is doubtful that they can finish on schedule, non è sicuro che possano finire entro i termini stabiliti

3 dubbio; equivoco: a doubtful remedy, un rimedio discutibile; Their products are of doubtful quality, i loro prodotti sono di dubbia qualità: a doubtful character, un individuo equivoco

● (comm.) doubtful debts, crediti di dubbia esigibilità □ His coming is a doubtful blessing, è discutibile se la sua venuta sia un bene o no.

* * *
['daʊtfl]
aggettivo

1) (unsure) [ person] incerto, dubbioso; [future, weather] incerto; [argument, result] dubbio, discutibile, incerto

it is doubtful if o that o whether è dubbio o è poco probabile che; I am doubtful that o whether dubito che; to be doubtful about doing essere incerto o in dubbio se fare; to be doubtful about o as to — essere scettico su, essere poco convinto di [idea, explanation, plan]; avere dei dubbi su, essere scettico su [job, object, purchase]

2) (questionable) [character, past, activity, taste] dubbio, discutibile

English-Italian dictionary > doubtful
18 fraglich

Adj.

1. (zweifelhaft) doubtful, uncertain

2. (betreffend)... in question; an dem fraglichen Tag on that particular day, on the day in question

* * *

doubtful; questionable; in question; iffy

* * *
frag|lich ['fraːklɪç]
adj

1) (= zweifelhaft) uncertain; (= fragwürdig) doubtful, questionable

eine frágliche Sache — a moot point

2) attr (= betreffend) in question; Angelegenheit under discussion

zu der fráglichen Zeit — at the time in question

* * *

1) (able to be doubted; not clear: The outcome is doubtful; a doubtful result.) doubtful

2) doubtfully

3) (doubtful; uncertain.) questionable

* * *

fra·glich

[ˈfra:klɪç]

adj

1. (fragwürdig)

eine \fragliche Angelegenheit a suspect matter

2. (unsicher) doubtful

es ist \fraglich, ob sie überhaupt noch kommen wird it's doubtful [or I doubt] whether she's going to come at all

3. attr (betreffend) in question pred

zur \fraglichen Zeit at the time in question

* * *

Adjektiv

1) doubtful

2) nicht präd. (betreffend) in question postpos.; relevant

* * *

fraglich adj

1. (zweifelhaft) doubtful, uncertain

2. (betreffend) … in question;

an dem fraglichen Tag on that particular day, on the day in question

* * *

Adjektiv

1) doubtful

2) nicht präd. (betreffend) in question postpos.; relevant

* * *

adj.

debatable adj.

doubtful adj.

questionable adj.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > fraglich
19 doubt

1. noun
1) Zweifel, der

doubt[s] [about or as to something/as to whether...] — (as to future) Ungewissheit, (as to fact) Unsicherheit [über etwas (Akk.) /darüber, ob...]

doubt[s] about or as to something, doubt of something — (inclination to disbelieve) Zweifel an etwas (Dat.)

there's no doubt that... — es besteht kein Zweifel daran, dass...

doubt[s] — (hesitations) Bedenken Pl.

have [one's] doubts about doing something — [seine] Bedenken haben, ob man etwas tun soll [oder nicht]

when or if in doubt — im Zweifelsfall

no doubt — (certainly) gewiss; (probably) sicherlich; (admittedly) wohl

cast doubt on something — etwas in Zweifel ziehen

2) no pl. (uncertain state of things) Ungewissheit, die

be in doubt — ungewiss sein

beyond [all] doubt, without [a] doubt — ohne [jeden] Zweifel
2. transitive verb
anzweifeln; zweifeln an (+ Dat.)

she doubted him — sie zweifelte an ihm

I don't doubt that or it — ich zweifle nicht daran

I doubt whether or if or that... — ich bezweifle, dass...

* * *
1. verb
1) (to feel uncertain about, but inclined not to believe: I doubt if he'll come now; He might have a screwdriver, but I doubt it.) bezweifeln

2) (not to be sure of the reliability of: Sometimes I doubt your intelligence!) bezweifeln
2. noun
(a feeling of not being sure and sometimes of being suspicious: There is some doubt as to what happened; I have doubts about that place.) der Zweifel

- academic.ru/22012/doubtful">doubtful
- doubtfully
- doubtfulness
- doubtless
- beyond doubt
- in doubt
- no doubt
* * *

doubt

[daʊt]

I. n

1. no pl (lack of certainty) Zweifel m ( about an + dat)

there seems to be some \doubt about the facts es scheint noch einige Zweifel zu geben, was die Fakten betrifft

▪ to be in \doubt fraglich [o zweifelhaft] sein

the future of the project is in \doubt die Zukunft des Projekts ist ungewiss

▪ to be in \doubt about sth über etw akk im Zweifel sein, sich dat über etw akk unschlüssig sein

not a shadow of a \doubt nicht der geringste Zweifel

no \doubt zweifellos, ohne Zweifel

open to \doubt fraglich, unsicher

beyond reasonable \doubt LAW jeden Zweifel ausschließend, zweifelsfrei

proof of guilt beyond all reasonable \doubt Schuldbeweis m, der jeden Zweifel ausschließt

without a \doubt ohne jeden Zweifel, zweifellos

to cast \doubt on sth etw in Zweifel ziehen

2. (feeling of uncertainty) Unsicherheit f, Ungewissheit f

I'm having \doubts about going to Africa ich bin mir noch unschlüssig, ob ich nach Afrika gehen soll

to have one's \doubts about sth seine Zweifel an etw dat haben

to have one's \doubts that... bezweifeln, dass...

to raise \doubts about sth Zweifel an etw dat aufkommen lassen

3. no pl (lack of belief) Zweifel m, Bedenken pl

I never had any \doubt [that] you would win ich habe nie im Geringsten daran gezweifelt, dass du gewinnen würdest

II. vt

1. (be unwilling to believe)

▪ to \doubt sb jdm misstrauen

▪ to \doubt sth Zweifel an etw dat haben, etw bezweifeln

she \doubted the evidence of her own eyes sie traute ihren eigenen Augen nicht

2. (call in question)

▪ to \doubt sb jdm nicht glauben

▪ to \doubt sth etw anzweifeln [o bezweifeln] [o infrage stellen]

to \doubt sb's abilities an jds Fähigkeiten zweifeln

to \doubt the authenticity of a document Zweifel an der Echtheit eines Dokuments haben

to \doubt sb's authority jds Autorität infrage stellen

to \doubt sb's sincerity [or veracity] Zweifel an jds Aufrichtigkeit haben

3. (feel uncertain)

▪ to \doubt that... bezweifeln, dass...

▪ to \doubt whether [or if] ... zweifeln, ob...

* * *
[daʊt]
1. n
Zweifel m
to have one's doubts as to or about sth — (so) seine Bedenken hinsichtlich einer Sache (gen) haben

I have my doubts about her — ich habe bei ihr ( so) meine Bedenken

I have no doubts about taking the job — ich habe keine Bedenken, die Stelle anzunehmen

there's no doubt about it — daran gibt es keinen Zweifel

I have no doubt about it —

I have doubts whether he will come — ich bezweifle, dass er kommt

to cast doubt on sth — etw in Zweifel ziehen

there is room for doubt — es ist durchaus nicht sicher

to be open to doubt — fragwürdig sein

his reputation is in doubt —

to be in (some) doubt about sth — Zweifel an etw (dat) haben

to be in little doubt as to sth — keine Bedenken hinsichtlich einer Sache (gen) haben

I am in no doubt as to what or about what he means — ich bin mir völlig im Klaren darüber, was er meint

the outcome is still in doubt — das Ergebnis ist noch ungewiss

when in doubt — im Zweifelsfall

no doubt he will come tomorrow — höchstwahrscheinlich kommt er morgen

without (a) doubt — ohne Zweifel

I knew beyond doubt that... — ich wusste ohne jeden Zweifel, dass...

it must be proved beyond reasonable doubt — es muss ganz unzweifelhaft bewiesen werden

2. vt
bezweifeln; sb's honesty, truth of statement anzweifeln, Zweifel haben an (+dat)
to doubt sb's word — jds Wort anzweifeln

I'm sorry I doubted you (what you said) — es tut mir leid, dass ich dir nicht geglaubt habe; (your loyalty etc)

I doubt it ( very much) — das möchte ich (doch stark) bezweifeln, das bezweifle ich (sehr)

I don't doubt it — das bezweifle ich (auch gar) nicht

I doubt whether he will come — ich bezweifle, dass er kommen wird

3. vi
Zweifel haben or hegen
* * *

doubt [daʊt]

A v/i

1. zweifeln ( of sth an einer Sache)

2. zögern, schwanken, Bedenken haben

B v/t

1. (es) bezweifeln, (daran) zweifeln, nicht sicher sein ( alle:

whether, if ob;

that dass; in verneinten und fragenden Sätzen:

that, but, but that dass):

I doubt whether he will come ich zweifle, ob er kommen wird;

I doubt that he can come ich bezweifle es, dass er kommen kann;

I don’t doubt that he will come ich zweifle nicht daran, dass er kommen wird

2. bezweifeln, anzweifeln, zweifeln an (dat):

I almost doubt it ich möchte es fast bezweifeln

3. misstrauen (dat), keinen Glauben schenken (dat):

doubt sb’s words

4. obs oder dial fürchten

C s

1. Zweifel m (of an dat; about, over hinsichtlich; that dass):

no doubt, without doubt, beyond doubt zweifellos, ohne Zweifel, zweifelsohne, fraglos, sicher(lich);

no doubt you would like a cup of tea du willst doch sicher eine Tasse Tee;

it is beyond doubt that … es steht außer Zweifel, dass …;

in doubt im oder in Zweifel, im Ungewissen ( → C 3);

be in doubt about Zweifel haben an (dat);

I’m in no doubt that … für mich gibt es keinen Zweifel, dass …;

leave sb in no doubt about jemanden nicht im Ungewissen oder Zweifel lassen über (akk);

there is no (not the smallest, little) doubt (that) es besteht kein (nicht der geringste, kaum ein) Zweifel darüber(, dass);

there are doubts that … es wird bezweifelt, dass …;

have no doubt ( oder not a doubt) of nicht zweifeln an (dat);

have no doubt that … nicht bezweifeln, dass …;

I’ve no doubt who did it für mich ist klar oder steht fest, wer es war;

have one’s doubts (so) seine Zweifel haben;

have one’s doubts about jemandem od einer Sache skeptisch gegenüberstehen;

leave no doubt(s) about keinen Zweifel lassen an (dat);

make no doubt sicher sein, keinen Zweifel hegen;

it is not in any doubt darüber besteht kein Zweifel

2. a) Bedenken n, Besorgnis f ( beide:

about wegen)

b) Argwohn m:

have some doubts left noch einige Bedenken hegen;

put in doubt fraglich oder fragwürdig erscheinen lassen;

raise doubts Zweifel aufkommen lassen

3. Ungewissheit f:

in doubt

a) ungewiss,

b) unschlüssig ( → C 1);

if ( oder when) in doubt im Zweifelsfall, wenn Sie sich nicht sicher sind; → benefit A 4

4. obs Schwierigkeit f, Problem n

* * *
1. noun
1) Zweifel, der

doubt[s] [about or as to something/as to whether...] — (as to future) Ungewissheit, (as to fact) Unsicherheit [über etwas (Akk.) /darüber, ob...]

doubt[s] about or as to something, doubt of something — (inclination to disbelieve) Zweifel an etwas (Dat.)

there's no doubt that... — es besteht kein Zweifel daran, dass...

doubt[s] — (hesitations) Bedenken Pl.

have [one's] doubts about doing something — [seine] Bedenken haben, ob man etwas tun soll [oder nicht]

when or if in doubt — im Zweifelsfall

no doubt — (certainly) gewiss; (probably) sicherlich; (admittedly) wohl

cast doubt on something — etwas in Zweifel ziehen

2) no pl. (uncertain state of things) Ungewissheit, die

be in doubt — ungewiss sein

beyond [all] doubt, without [a] doubt — ohne [jeden] Zweifel
2. transitive verb
anzweifeln; zweifeln an (+ Dat.)

she doubted him — sie zweifelte an ihm

I don't doubt that or it — ich zweifle nicht daran

I doubt whether or if or that... — ich bezweifle, dass...

* * *

n.

Bedenklichkeit f.

Zweifel - m. (of, about) v.

zweifeln (an) v. v.

anzweifeln v.

bezweifeln v.

English-german dictionary > doubt
20 issu

issu, e¹ [isy]

adjective

• être issu de ( = résulter de) to stem from ; ( = être né de) [+ parents] to be born of ; [+ milieu familial] to come from

* * *

issue isy adjectif

1) ( originaire)

être issu de — to come from

les jeunes issus de familles pauvres — young people from poor families

2) ( résultant)

être issu de — to result from

* * *
isy adj issu, -e
issu de (famille, espèce) — descended from, (= résultant de) stemming from

produits issus de l'agriculture biologique — organic produce

issu de l'immigration — immigrant

fig (= résultant de) stemming from

* * *

issu, issue

A adj

1 ( originaire) être issu de to come from; il est issu d'un milieu modeste he comes from a modest background; les jeunes issus de familles pauvres young people from poor families;

2 ( résultant) être issu de to result from; les problèmes issus de la décolonisation problems resulting from decolonization.

B issue nf

1 ( sortie) exit; toutes les issues étaient bloquées all the exits were blocked off; ‘sans issue’ ‘no exit’;

2 ( solution) solution (à to), way out (à to); situation sans issue situation with no solution ou way out; se ménager une issue to leave oneself a way out;

3 ( dénouement) outcome; issue tragique d'une affaire tragic outcome of a case; l'issue du procès reste incertaine the outcome of the trial remains uncertain; à l'issue de at the end of; à l'issue de trois jours de pourparlers at the close ou conclusion of three days of talks.

Composé

issue de secours emergency exit.

( féminin issue) [isy] adjectif

être issu de [résulter de] to stem ou to derive ou to spring from

être issu d'une famille pauvre/nombreuse to be born into a poor/large family

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > issu

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

uncertain — adj. 1) uncertain about, as to, of (uncertain about the outcome) 2) (misc.) I am still uncertain (as to) whether (or not) they are coming * * * [ʌn sɜːtn] as to of (uncertain about the outcome) (misc.) 1 am still uncertain (as to) whether (or… … Combinatory dictionary
uncertain — uncertainly, adv. uncertainness, n. /un serr tn/, adj. 1. not definitely ascertainable or fixed, as in time of occurrence, number, dimensions, or quality. 2. not confident, assured, or free from hesitancy: an uncertain smile. 3. not clearly or… … Universalium
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uncertain — I (Roget s IV) modif. 1. [Doubtful in mind] Syn. dubious, undecided, in a quandary; see doubtful 2 . 2. [Not determined] Syn. undecided, undetermined, unsettled, doubtful, changeable, unpredictable, improbable, unlikely, unfixed, unsure,… … English dictionary for students
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annuity — /an(y)uwatiy/ A right to receive fixed, periodic payments, either for life or for a term of years. Moore v. O Cheskey, App., 87 N.M. 66, 529 P.2d 292, 293. A fixed sum payable to a person at specified intervals for a specific period of time or… … Black's law dictionary
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